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Saint Anthony was born on August 15, in the year 1195, in Lisbon, Portugal, to a wealthy family. His given name is Fernando Martins de Bulhão. His parents wanted Fernando to become a noble, but Fernando had other plans. He did not want to attend the local Catholic school, as his family desired, and chose instead to enter the Augustinian Abbey of Saint Vincent near Lisbon, Portugal. Fernando was a member of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine, a group well known for their pursuit of education and all things scholarly. While attending the Augustinian Abbey, 15-year old Fernando studied the Holy Scriptures and Latin classics. However, because of the constant interruptions from friends and family who’d come to visit and bring him gifts that embarrassed him, Fernando’s schoolwork suffered, leaving him restless and without peace. To avoid this, he requested a transfer to the Abbey of the Holy Cross in Coimbra (the capital of Portugal at the time). Upon the approval of his superiors, Fernando transferred schools and continued his studies for the next nine years, away from suchbothers and interruptions.
In 1219, shortly after his ordination at the abbey, Fernando came in contact with five Franciscans who were on their way to preach to the Muslims in Morocco. As the head of hospitality at the abbey, Fernando found himself drawn to the simple, Gospel-focused lifestyle of the Franciscan friars. In February 1220, the five Franciscans were martyred by the Muslims in Morocco. When Fernando heard the news, he meditated on their heroism and found himself compelled by God to leave everything behind and follow the path God would lay before him. With the approval of his superiors, Fernando joined the Franciscan order and studied the ways and teachings of their founder, Saint Francis of Assisi. He changed his name from Fernando to Anthony after he joined the Order of Friars Minor because the Franciscan hermitage where he was living was dedicated to Saint Anthony. Accompanying another friar, he journeyed to Morocco, but soon became quite ill and was forced to return home to Portugal. On the way there, the ship he sailed in ran into fierce storms and was driven onto the coast of Sicily until it stopped finally at Messina. Anthony worked his way to Assisi and attempted to join a monastery in Italy, but his ill health and sick appearance caused him much difficulty. Out of compassion, the monks assigned him to the rural hospice of San Paolo (near Forlì, Romagna, Italy). For nine months, Anthony lived the life of a hermit where he served as a chaplain and worked in the kitchen.
In 1221, Saint Francis held a general chapter at Assisi and Anthony left the mountaintop where his hospice was located for an ordination in the town of Forli. Once there, a misunderstanding arose between the visiting Dominican monks and the Franciscans about who would do the preaching for that day. Everyone declined, at which point Anthony, the poor Portuguese friar, was asked by the head of the hermitage to speak whatever the Holy Spirit put into his mouth. Like the others, Anthony did not want to preach, but he was overruled and did as he was instructed. Though his speech was initially quite timid; though he faltered often, the sermon left a profound mark on the listeners; so much so that his amazed brethren rushed to tell Francis of Assisi of the impact Anthony’s rich voice, arresting manner and Gospel-inspired eloquence had had on them. In response, Francis of Assisi had Anthony moved from preaching the Gospel in the rural village to spreading the Gospel throughout the whole of Italy. It was at this time that Anthony became the first Franciscan in history to be appointed as lector in theology.
Anthony consistently attracted such large crowds during his preaching that no church in Italy could contain the crowd. Like Christ pushed back against a lake by large numbers of listeners, Anthony spoke outdoors in order to accommodate everyone. Such was the fervor of the crowd that a bodyguard was hired to protect Anthony from those who carried scissors in the hopes of cutting a piece of his habit to take home as a holy relic. Combined with Anthony’s understanding and knowledge of the Holy Scriptures was the binding of all his preaching upon all the words which he read there and meditated daily upon. One of his sermons had 187 references to Bible passages! He preached against usury (charging interest on a loan), a popular practice of the time, basing his words on the words he found in the Holy Scripture. Many preachers were prone to condemn heretics at that time, but rather than join the crowd, Anthony preached the Gospel of Christ and its saving message. Because of Anthony’s faithful and selfless sermons, many men and women were converted.
“The ones who preach correctly are those who conform by their actions to what they announce with their mouths,” said Anthony, who imitated our Lord Jesus Christ in his words, poverty, and actions. Anthony lived a life of grace-filled prayer and spent many a night in deep, soul-searching intimacy with the Almighty, irregardless of the states of weakness it left him in or the long day of preaching and teaching he’d conduct the following day.
In 1227, Anthony was elected Provincial of the Franciscans of Northern Italy. The following year, a sermon he preached to Pope Gregory IX was said by many that heard it to resemble a second coming of Pentecost. In 1230, Anthony asked to be released from his Provincial duties so that he could devote himself in full to preaching. He always felt his calling to preaching to be more important than his call of teaching. A short distance from Venice, in the town of Padua (hence, “Saint Anthony of Padua”), Anthony took up his residence, where he continued his daily regimen of preaching and prayer, typically with even more vigor than in the past. The toll on his physical life would drain him of so much strength that he’d become gravely ill within only a few months. As a quickly approaching death became eminent, Anthony celebrated his last rites of the Sacrament. With a smile on his face, he gazed upward and said, “I see my Lord.”
On June 13, 1231, Anthony passed from this life to the next. “Our father, Saint Anthony, is dead," echoed the voices of children along the streets of Padua. The following year, while the church bells of Lisbon rang without ringers, Pope Gregory IX declared Anthony, “Saint Anthony.” June 13 – the day of Saint Anthony’s death – was thereby established as his feast day and a magnificent basilica was built at Padua in his honor. His body was moved there in 1263. In 1946, Pope Pius XII declared Saint Anthony of Padua a Doctor of the Church.
Today, Saint Anthony is known as a patron of the poor (alms given for his intercessions are known as “Saint Anthony’s Bread”) and a patron of lost articles. Tradition tells us this is based on this story: a novice of Anthony’s once ran away with a Commentary of the Psalms which had belonged to Anthony. When Anthony prayed that the Commentary and the novice would return, it happened. This is why the following phrase is recited when something is lost: “Saint Anthony, Saint Anthony, please come around. Something is lost and cannot be found.